Wednesday, April 20, 2011

Why humans (and all animal kingdom species) are bilaterally symmetric.


Why do humans (and all animal kingdom species) have a two-sided symmetry built into them (brains, nervous system, skeletal structure, etc.)?

The not so striking thing is that symmetry in ALL its forms and formats is a basic characteristic of nature, living and non-living.
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetry:*
"The "precise" notions of symmetry have various measures and operational definitions. For example, symmetry may be observed:
  • with respect to the passage of time;
  • as a spatial relationship;
  • through geometric transformations (scaling, reflection, rotation);
  • through other kinds of functional transformations;
  • as an aspect of abstract objects, theoretical models, language, music and even knowledge."

What IS striking though is that only in living forms WITH free mobility (the animal and insect kingdom and also the functionally movable parts - seeds and leaves - of the plant kingdom) that this symmetry is bi-lateral only:
They have a front and a back, as well as an up and a down side, but in one direction only: either horizontal (along the back and forth axis) or vertical (along the up and down axis) - but not perpendicular (along the from-left-to-right axis|), while in say the flora symmetry is multi-sided (except for a plant's mobile and motile parts such as seeds and leaves).

Why would that be?
  • Just quickly for now and without any explanation: the one direction of sun rays (also  the sun moving clockwise in the northern hemisphere);
  • the singular direction of attack approach by enemies (beasts of prey) or the escape route of potential victims (preyed upon beasts);
  • for now also and only quickly focusing on the brain, could that be why one side of the brain has a more temporal / sequential and the other side a more spatial / linear character, or the one side is passive and the other side reactive?
Note:
* "In bilateral symmetry (also called plane symmetry), only one plane, called the sagittal plane, will divide an organism into roughly mirror image halves (with respect to external appearance only[ ]. Thus there is approximate reflection symmetry. Often the two halves can meaningfully be referred to as the right and left halves, e.g. in the case of an animal with a main direction of motion in the plane of symmetry. [ ]
Most animals are bilaterally symmetric, including humans [ ], and belong to the group Bilateria. [ ] Most bilateral animals have an identical shape on either side, as if bisected by a mirror. Bilateral symmetry permits streamlining, favors the formation of a central nerve center, contributes to cephalization, and promotes actively moving organisms. Bilateral symmetry is an aspect of both chordates and vertebrates.
[Only certain] flowers such as members of the orchid and pea families are bilaterally symmetrical [ ]. The leaves of most plants are also superficially bilaterally symmetrical"

(From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetry_%28biology%29#Bilateral_symmetry)

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